Inductor

Focuses magnetic-field lines, magnetic storage.

Flow

1. Magnetic effect is applied on the circuit
2. Magnetic field tries to grow
3. Inductor issues a resisting magnetic-effect
4. Magnetic field grows gradually until it reaches its max-applicable value

Details

The inductor issues a resisting magnetic-effect because of the change in the magnetic field. The magnetic field wants to grow, and our inductor resists that change. If the magnetic field would disappear, the inductor would delay the disappearance of the magnetic field. It goes in both ways, it resists the change. This gradual effect is called a transient.

Calculations

The generator issues a magnetic effect in volts (also called EMF).
The inductor has a magnetic-storage coefficient (also called inductance).
The circuit has a certain magnetic loss (also called resistance of the conductor).
The circuit has a certain magnetic constructor (confusing term usually used for this is current or potential).

Formulae

Magnetic effect, E.
Magnetic constructor, i.
Magnetic storage, L.
Magnetic loss, R.

Magnetic constructor after the transient, the permanent condition: i = E / R
Where E is the magnetic effect of the generator.

Number of turns, n.
Magnetic field, Phi.
Magnetic flux, Phi * n.

This defines our relation between the magnetic field and the inductor: i * L = Phi * n

Transient

To calculate the resisting magnetic-effect: E = (Phi / t) * n
t represents the time (in seconds) since the start of the transient.
Phi is of the permanent condition after the transient.

Magnetic constructor during the transient: i = (Eg - Er) / R
Where Eg is the magnetic effect of the generator and Er that of the inductor.

Time constant

To calculate the time constant of the transient: T = L / R
With this we can calculate the approximate duration of the transient: 5 * T

We can also calculate an approximation of i at a given point during the transient:

-- Javascript
-- :: Eg = supply voltage

let
    magneticConstructor = Eg / R
    timeDerivative = Basics.e ^ (-t / T)
in
    -- i =
    magneticConstructor * (1 - timeDerivative)